# How Tos

All of this equipment is here to help you get your work done more efficiently.
However, learning how task-graphs are generated is probably not the work you
are interested in doing. This section should help you accomplish some of the
more common changes to the task graph with minimal fuss.

Taskgraph's documentation provides many relevant how-to guides:

:::{note}
If you come across references to the `taskgraph` command, simply prepend
`./mach` to the command to make it work in `mozilla-central`.
:::

```{toctree}
Run Taskgraph Locally <https://taskcluster-taskgraph.readthedocs.io/en/latest/howto/run-locally.html>
Debug Taskgraph <https://taskcluster-taskgraph.readthedocs.io/en/latest/howto/debugging.html>
Use Fetches <https://taskcluster-taskgraph.readthedocs.io/en/latest/howto/use-fetches.html>
Use Docker Images <https://taskcluster-taskgraph.readthedocs.io/en/latest/howto/docker.html>
Create Actions <https://taskcluster-taskgraph.readthedocs.io/en/latest/howto/create-actions.html>
```

See Taskgraph's [how-to section] for even more guides!

## Common Changes

Additionally, here are some tips for common changes you wish to make within
`mozilla-central`.

### Changing Test Characteristics

First, find the test description. This will be in
`taskcluster/kinds/*/tests.yml`, for the appropriate kind (consult
{ref}`kinds`). You will find a YAML stanza for each test suite, and each
stanza defines the test's characteristics. For example, the `chunks`
property gives the number of chunks to run. This can be specified as a simple
integer if all platforms have the same chunk count, or it can be keyed by test
platform. For example:

```yaml
chunks:
    by-test-platform:
        linux64/debug: 10
        default: 8
```

Test suites that support manifest-based chunking can set `chunks: dynamic`
to let the taskgraph compute the number of chunks from historical runtime
data. When runtime data is unavailable (new platforms, new variants), the
value of `default-chunks` is used as a fallback:

```yaml
chunks: dynamic
default-chunks:
    by-test-platform:
        linux64/debug: 10
        default: 8
```

The full set of available properties is in
`taskcluster/gecko_taskgraph/transforms/test/__init__.py`. Some other
commonly-modified properties are `max-run-time` (useful if tests are being
killed for exceeding maxRunTime) and `treeherder-symbol`.

:::{note}
Android tests are also chunked at the mozharness level, so you will need to
modify the relevant mozharness config, as well.
:::

### Adding a Test Suite

To add a new test suite, you will need to know the proper mozharness invocation
for that suite, and which kind it fits into (consult {ref}`kinds`).

Add a new stanza to `taskcluster/kinds/<kind>/tests.yml`, copying from the other
stanzas in that file. The meanings should be clear, but authoritative
documentation is in
`taskcluster/gecko_taskgraph/transforms/test/__init__.py` should you need
it. The stanza name is the name by which the test will be referenced in try
syntax.

Add your new test to a test set in `test-sets.yml` in the same directory. If
the test should only run on a limited set of platforms, you may need to define
a new test set and reference that from the appropriate platforms in
`test-platforms.yml`. If you do so, include some helpful comments in
`test-sets.yml` for the next person.

### Greening Up a New Test

When a test is not yet reliably green, configuration for that test should not
be landed on integration branches. Of course, you can control where the
configuration is landed! For many cases, it is easiest to green up a test in
try: push the configuration to run the test to try along with your work to fix
the remaining test failures.

When working with a group, check out a "twig" repository to share among your
group, and land the test configuration in that repository. Once the test is
green, merge to an integration branch and the test will begin running there as
well.

### Adding a New Task

If you are adding a new task that is not a test suite, there are a number of
options. A few questions to consider:

- Is this a new build platform or variant that will produce an artifact to
  be run through the usual test suites?
- Does this task depend on other tasks? Do other tasks depend on it?
- Is this one of a few related tasks, or will you need to generate a large
  set of tasks using some programmatic means (for example, chunking)?
- How is the task actually executed? Mozharness? Mach?
- What kind of environment does the task require?

Armed with that information, you can choose among a few options for
implementing this new task. Try to choose the simplest solution that will
satisfy your near-term needs. Since this is all implemented in-tree, it
is not difficult to refactor later when you need more generality.

#### Existing Kind

The simplest option is to add your task to an existing kind. This is most
practical when the task "makes sense" as part of that kind -- for example, if
your task is building an installer for a new platform using mozharness scripts
similar to the existing build tasks, it makes most sense to add your task to
the `build` kind. If you need some additional functionality in the kind,
it's OK to modify the implementation as necessary, as long as the modification
is complete and useful to the next developer to come along.

Tasks in the `build` kind generate Firefox installers, and the `test` kind
will add a full set of Firefox tests for each `build` task.

#### New Kind

The next option to consider is adding a new kind. A distinct kind gives you
some isolation from other task types, which can be nice if you are adding an
experimental kind of task.

Kinds can range in complexity. The simplest sort of kind uses the transform
loader to read a list of jobs from the `jobs` key, and applies the standard
`job` and `task` transforms:

```yaml
implementation: taskgraph.task.transform:TransformTask
transforms:
   - taskgraph.transforms.job:transforms
   - taskgraph.transforms.task:transforms
jobs:
   - ..your job description here..
```

Job descriptions are defined and documented in
`taskcluster/gecko_taskgraph/transforms/job/__init__.py`.

#### Custom Kind Loader

If your task depends on other tasks, then the decision of which tasks to create
may require some code. For example, the `test` kind iterates over
the builds in the graph, generating a full set of test tasks for each one. This specific
post-build behavior is implemented as a loader defined in `taskcluster/gecko_taskgraph/loader/test.py`.

A custom loader is useful when the set of tasks you want to create is not
static but based on something else (such as the available builds) or when the
dependency relationships for your tasks are complex.

#### Custom Transforms

Most loaders apply a series of "{ref}`transforms`" that start with
an initial human-friendly description of a task and end with a task definition
suitable for insertion into a Taskcluster queue.

Custom transforms can be useful to apply defaults, simplifying the YAML files
in your kind. They can also apply business logic that is more easily expressed
in code than in YAML.

Transforms need not be one-to-one: a transform can produce zero or more outputs
for each input. For example, the test transforms perform chunking by producing
an output for each chunk of a given input.

Ideally those transforms will produce job descriptions, so you can use the
existing `job` and `task` transforms:

```yaml
transforms:
   - taskgraph.transforms.my_stuff:transforms
   - taskgraph.transforms.job:transforms
   - taskgraph.transforms.task:transforms
```

Try to keep transforms simple, single-purpose and well-documented!

#### Custom Run-Using

If the way your task is executed is unique (so, not a mach command or
mozharness invocation), you can add a new implementation of the job
description's "run" section. Before you do this, consider that it might be a
better investment to modify your task to support invocation via mozharness or
mach, instead. If this is not possible, then adding a new file in
`taskcluster/gecko_taskgraph/transforms/jobs` with a structure similar to its peers
will make the new run-using option available for job descriptions.

[how-to section]: https://taskcluster-taskgraph.readthedocs.io/en/latest/howto/index.html
